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Biomass Energy, Forests and Climate Library

Welcome to the Biomass Energy, Forests and Climate library. It has been brought together by the Forest, Climate and Biomass Action Network of the Environmental Paper Network. We want activists, communities, scholars – anyone who’s interested in forest biomass issues – to be able to find all the key resources in one place. So we’ve gathered together key resources that present case studies and explain the science behind biomass energy and its impacts on forests and climate.

If you have any suggestions for resources we should have in this library or any comments about it, please contact us. You may also find our Frequently Asked Questions helpful.

Biomass energy and pulp production in Spain

ENCE Energía & Celulosa is Spain’s largest producer of both pulp and biomass electricity. The company operates two pulp mills in Galicia and Asturias with a combined capacity of over one million tonnes of pulp, and both mills have biomass CHP plants that burn woody biomass alongside recovery boilers that burn black liquor.

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Organization: EPN, Biofuelwatch, Montescola, Ecologistas en Accion, Biofuelwatch

Author: Montescola, Ecologistas en Accion, Biofuelwatch

Date: 2025

Location: a:2:{s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-b09c08cb3771d49a12d79058d15fa99f-1";a:1:{i:0;s:18:"Continent - Europe";}s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-073f782e7fb365af2cfee754de6f558c-1";a:1:{i:0;s:15:"Country - Spain";}}a:2:{s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-b09c08cb3771d49a12d79058d15fa99f-1";a:1:{i:0;s:18:"Continent - Europe";}s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-073f782e7fb365af2cfee754de6f558c-1";a:1:{i:0;s:15:"Country - Spain";}}

Language: English

Type of resource: Report

Topics:

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The reindeer are starving: The contribution of burning biomass to the impacts of pulp production in Sweden

Sweden produced around 12 million tonnes of pulp in 2022, accounting for over a quarter of Europe’s total pulp production and making it Europe’s largest producer. Bioenergy is Sweden’s largest energy source and accounts for almost a third of total energy supply. Almost 60% of final energy use in the industrial sector is bioenergy, and the pulp and paper industry accounts for much of this.

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Organization: Skydda Skogen, EPN, Biofuelwatch

Author: Skydda Skogen, EPN, Biofuelwatch

Date: 2025

Location: a:2:{s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-b09c08cb3771d49a12d79058d15fa99f-1";a:1:{i:0;s:18:"Continent - Europe";}s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-d679b68deeeb2a3c48a6254b46e8e0a4-1";a:1:{i:0;s:16:"Country - Sweden";}}a:2:{s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-b09c08cb3771d49a12d79058d15fa99f-1";a:1:{i:0;s:18:"Continent - Europe";}s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-d679b68deeeb2a3c48a6254b46e8e0a4-1";a:1:{i:0;s:16:"Country - Sweden";}}

Language: English

Type of resource: Report

Topics:

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Zellstofffabriken und Biomasseanlagen in Deutschland

In Deutschland gibt es fünf Zellstofffabriken sowie eine große Anzahl von Papierfabriken. Letztere sind zu etwa 60 % auf Altpapier angewiesen. Sie verwenden außerdem Zellstoff aus Eukalyptusplantagen aus Brasilien und Uruguay sowie Zellstoff aus Frischholz aus Deutschland und anderen europäischen Ländern wie zum Beispiel Schweden und Finnland.

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Organization: EPN, Robin Wood, Biofuelwatch

Author: Robin Wood, Biofuelwatch

Date: 2025

Location: a:2:{s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-b09c08cb3771d49a12d79058d15fa99f-1";a:1:{i:0;s:18:"Continent - Europe";}s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-92e64c2d02f67b319663c53962b20863-1";a:1:{i:0;s:17:"Country - Germany";}}a:2:{s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-b09c08cb3771d49a12d79058d15fa99f-1";a:1:{i:0;s:18:"Continent - Europe";}s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-92e64c2d02f67b319663c53962b20863-1";a:1:{i:0;s:17:"Country - Germany";}}

Language: German

Type of resource: Report

Topics:

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El Capitalismo Depredador

En el Abya-Yala, la colonización configuró territorios orientados a la mercantilización de sus recursos comunes, incorporándolos al sistema-mundo como proveedores de las materias primas. Esto ha significado una sobreexplotación intensiva que supera la capacidad que la naturaleza y los sistemas que ésta tiene para regenerarse, ocasionando una crisis ambiental sin precedentes. Debido a esto, actualmente vivimos un nuevo ciclo extractivista, asociado a la implementación de una agenda global de transición energética, que emerge desde las sociedades del norte global, como respuesta a la crisis climática. Se trata de un modelo de transición basado en la descarbonización de la matriz energética, que supone el reemplazo de los hidrocarburos por las energías renovables no convencionales, principalmente eólica, solar y biomasa.

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Organization: Organización Yaguel Lavkenche

Author: Valeria Becerra Sepúlveda

Date: 2025

Location: a:1:{s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-2f772dcf11898d9ef309de8c291e5bf8-1";a:1:{i:0;s:25:"Continent - South America";}}a:1:{s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-2f772dcf11898d9ef309de8c291e5bf8-1";a:1:{i:0;s:25:"Continent - South America";}}

Language: Spanish

Type of resource: Statement

Topics:

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BOIS ÉNERGIE: LA FIN DE LA FRÉNÉSIE

Le bois-énergie représente environ 35 % des énergies renouvelables en France1. Après une phase d’expansion rapide, cette filière doit aujourd’hui amorcer un atterrissage nécessaire, en mettant fin aux dérives qui se sont installées et en intégrant pleinement les exigences de la nouvelle donne climatique. Ces défis restent pourtant largement ignorés par les représentants de la filière.

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Organization: Canopee

Author: Canopee

Date: 2025

Location: a:2:{s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-b09c08cb3771d49a12d79058d15fa99f-1";a:1:{i:0;s:18:"Continent - Europe";}s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-c44679d4a91dc267e76188fd1db069f0-1";a:1:{i:0;s:16:"Country - France";}}a:2:{s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-b09c08cb3771d49a12d79058d15fa99f-1";a:1:{i:0;s:18:"Continent - Europe";}s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-c44679d4a91dc267e76188fd1db069f0-1";a:1:{i:0;s:16:"Country - France";}}

Language: French

Type of resource: Briefing

Topics:

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Debunking Dangerous Distractions: Bioenergy

How burning wood, biofuels and BECCS are exacerbating climate change, hurting people and delaying real action.

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Organization: Climate Action Network

Author: Climate Action Network

Date: 2025

Location: a:1:{s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-4945e049adc7d67d822b5ea5e4bf740e-1";a:1:{i:0;s:9:"Worldwide";}}a:1:{s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-4945e049adc7d67d822b5ea5e4bf740e-1";a:1:{i:0;s:9:"Worldwide";}}

Type of resource: Briefing

Topics:

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Sustainable Biomass Program: Certifying the Unsustainable

The report warns that forests worldwide are being cut down and burned for energy falsely labeled as “sustainable.” The Sustainable Biomass Program (SBP), the world’s most prominent certifier of biomass, is approving wood linked to forest destruction as climate-friendly fuel and greenwashing high-carbon biomass — all while helping energy companies claim they are going green. Over 85% of industrial wood pellets used in Europe are SBP-certified.

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Organization: SFOC, GEF, BAN, Biofuelwatch, Mighty Earth

Author: Richard Robertson

Date: 2025

Location: a:1:{s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-4945e049adc7d67d822b5ea5e4bf740e-1";a:1:{i:0;s:9:"Worldwide";}}a:1:{s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-4945e049adc7d67d822b5ea5e4bf740e-1";a:1:{i:0;s:9:"Worldwide";}}

Language: English

Type of resource: Report

Topics:

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No smoke without fire: How the Danish energy transition harms the forests of Estonia and Latvia

According to the Danish Energy Agency, the share of renewable energy use in Denmark has been growing rapidly over the last decades. But much of this so-called renewable energy does not come from wind and solar farms but from ancient technology; burning wood. Denmark, through direct and indirect subsidies, switched from burning fossil fuels to burning woody biomass and hence Denmark has turned into a large importer of woody biomass from other countries and in particular from Estonia and Latvia.

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Organization: NOAH

Author: y Tobias Jespersen and Viesturs Kerus

Date: 2025

Location: a:4:{s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-b09c08cb3771d49a12d79058d15fa99f-1";a:1:{i:0;s:18:"Continent - Europe";}s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-cdda43176320dfcc542054cef85a247f-1";a:1:{i:0;s:17:"Country - Estonia";}s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-c5b3777767785053aac71b0bcc070765-1";a:1:{i:0;s:16:"Country - Latvia";}s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-2a32a178affefdf71e99adc3b7550ac4-1";a:1:{i:0;s:17:"Country - Denmark";}}a:4:{s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-b09c08cb3771d49a12d79058d15fa99f-1";a:1:{i:0;s:18:"Continent - Europe";}s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-cdda43176320dfcc542054cef85a247f-1";a:1:{i:0;s:17:"Country - Estonia";}s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-c5b3777767785053aac71b0bcc070765-1";a:1:{i:0;s:16:"Country - Latvia";}s:64:"wpcf-fields-checkboxes-option-2a32a178affefdf71e99adc3b7550ac4-1";a:1:{i:0;s:17:"Country - Denmark";}}

Language: English

Type of resource: Report

Topics:

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