This report maps commercial financial flows attributable to the forest-risk commodity sectors driving the majority of tropical deforestation. Forests & Finance analyzes 300 of the largest companies operating in the production of beef, palm, oil, pulp and paper, rubber, soy, and timber in the world’s three major tropical forest biomes: Southeast Asia, South America, and Central and West Africa. From January 2016 to September 2023, banks provided at least US$ 307 billion in credit to these operations. In addition, they were supported by institutional investors, which held US$ 38 billion in shares and bonds as of September 2023.
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